Xenograft Tumor Models

        Animal models of bladder cancer are mainly divided into the following types: 

        Orthotopic carcinogenic inducible bladder cancer model: Specific chemical carcinogens are used to induce bladder cancer in animals. 

        Animal model of orthotopic transplantation of bladder cancer: The tumor single cell suspension or tumor tissue block is implanted into the bladder of animals to establish the orthotopic transplantation tumor bladder cancer animal model. 

        Orthotopic spontaneous bladder cancer model: This model is similar to human primary bladder cancer in many aspects, and has high practical value. 

        Orthotopic genetic engineering bladder cancer model: By using genetic engineering technology to process specific target genes of the required animal models, their susceptibility to carcinogenic inducers is increased. 

        Animal model of heterotopic bladder cancer: The animal model is established by implanting tumor single cell suspension or tumor tissue block into the subcutaneous (usually the costal abdomen or hind legs of animals), abdominal cavity and vein of experimental animals.