Xenograft Tumor Models

        The animal model of prostate cancer is mainly used to study the occurrence, development, and treatment of prostate cancer. Currently, the most used is the xenograft model, which is mainly categorized into the following three types: 

        Subcutaneous xenograft model: Tumor cells are injected into mice subcutaneously, with special attention paid to the fact that some prostate cancer cells, such as LNCaP cells, have a low tumorigenicity rate and need to be suspended in 50% Matrigel to provide growth factors. This model has a short cycle and simple operation, making it the most commonly used animal model for prostate cancer in the laboratory. However, this model is generally used for cancer growth and proliferation research as it does not undergo metastasis. 

        Orthotopic xenograft model: generally refers to directly inoculating prostate cells or tumor tissue at the prostate of mice. Compared with subcutaneous tumor bearing, the orthotopic tumor bearing model can better simulate the orthotopic growth environment of prostate cancer and is also a commonly used model for studying prostate cancer metastasis. 

        Renal capsule xenograft model: Generally, prostate cancer cells or tumor tissues from different sources are mixed with mouse embryonic urogenital sinus stroma and injected into the renal capsule site of immunodeficient mice. The renal capsule is rich in blood vessels, which can immediately provide sufficient oxygen and nutrition to the transplanted tumor, making it suitable for studying prostate cancer growth and other test indicators.